Rhino Poaching Surged 93% in Namibia Last Year—Study Shows Wealth May Be Key to Stopping It

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In one of Namibia’s flagship attractions and largest wildlife sanctuaries, rhino poaching surged 93% in 2022, with 87 black and white rhinos poached for their horns.

It amounts to an all-time high, and nearly double the number of animals poached in 2021 (45).

The rise of poaching is fueled presumably by the illicit demand for rhino horn, which despite being made of nothing but keratin like our hair and fingernails, is wrongly believed to contain medicinal properties.

There is also a chance that due to the intense illegality of the object, it is viewed as a status symbol by those who can acquire it, as it also commands a huge price.

On Monday, Namibia’s Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism spokesperson Romeo Muyunda said poachers killed 61 black and 26 white rhinos mainly in Namibia’s largest park, Etosha. Namibia is the world’s last place where black rhinos can roam freely, and the nation contains about one-third of all the black rhinos left on the continent.

“We note with serious concern that our flagship park, Etosha National Park, is a poaching hotspot,” Muyunda said, adding that anti-poaching efforts are being stepped up significantly coming into the new year.

PICTURED: A greater one horned rhino. PC: Nejib Ahmed CC 4.0.

Multi-faceted approach

Despite the loss, the 2022 State of the Rhino report from conservation NGO Rhino International states that the black rhino population is increasing worldwide.

It was believed for years that if all the legal markets in East Asia for rhino horn were shut down, poaching would fall, but despite hundreds of rhino horns seized by police in smuggling busts around the world every year, black market demand continues to drive poaching.

A recent paper published on carnivore populations found that rather than climate change or habitat loss, it was human progress that was the biggest driver of population declines. Their modeling found that sharp rapid increases in human development, typically characterized by increased habitat loss, indeed resulted in the decline of populations such as big cats, canine ancestors like wolves, bear species, and hyenas.

However once human development slowed to around 1.2%, which is an economic growth rate far more typical of wealthy nations than developing nations, the population trends reversed and the carnivores began to recover.

It’s not a perfect comparison—large animals are obviously dangerous to human populations, and carnivores are certainly more frightening to live near than herbivores, despite the latter killing or wounding more people on average in Africa every year than the former.

Muyunda also noted however that elephant poaching, which has been declining for several years, continued to drop, with just four animals poached last year.

Neither is the state of the rhino worldwide as bad as in Namibia. The greater one-horned rhino, or the Indian rhino by another name, wasn’t poached at all last year. WaL

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